React Props

In React, props (short for properties) are a mechanism for passing data from a parent component to a child component. Props are read-only and allow components to be dynamic by providing them with inputs that can change. They are passed to child components as attributes in JSX and can be accessed in the child component using the props object.

Syntax of Props

Props are passed as attributes in JSX and can be accessed in the child component as follows:

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// Parent Component
function Parent() {
  return <Child name="Alice" age={25} />;
}

// Child Component
function Child(props) {
  return (
    <div>
      <p>Name: {props.name}</p>
      <p>Age: {props.age}</p>
    </div>
  );
}

Passing Props: In the parent component, props are passed to the child component as attributes in JSX. For example, name="Alice" and age={25} are props passed to Child.

Accessing Props: In the child component, the props are accessed using the props object. For instance, props.name retrieves the value of the name prop, and props.age retrieves the value of the age prop.

Dynamic Rendering: The child component dynamically uses the values of props to display data, making the component reusable with different inputs.

This approach demonstrates how props enable parent-to-child communication in React components.

1. Passing Basic Props

In this example, we demonstrate how to pass and use basic props. The parent component sends a name and age to the child component.

App.js

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import React from 'react';

function Child(props) {
  return (
    <div>
      <p>Hello, {props.name}! You are {props.age} years old.</p>
    </div>
  );
}

function Parent() {
  return <Child name="Arjun" age={25} />;
}

export default Parent;

Explanation:

  • The parent component passes name and age as props to the child component.
  • The child component accesses these props using props.name and props.age.
  • Props make the child component reusable with different data.

Output:

2. Using Destructuring with Props

Destructuring props makes the code cleaner and easier to read.

Example

In this example, we refactor the previous example using destructuring.

App.js

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import React from 'react';

function Child({ name, age }) {
  return (
    <div>
      <p>Hello, {name}! You are {age} years old.</p>
    </div>
  );
}

function Parent() {
  return <Child name="Ram" age={30} />;
}

export default Parent;

We have rewritten Child(props) that we used in the previous example with Child({ name, age }), which is the destructuring props.

Explanation:

  • The Child component uses destructuring to extract name and age directly from the props object.
  • This approach improves readability and makes the code cleaner.

Output:

3. Passing Functions as Props

Props can also be used to pass functions from a parent component to a child component. This allows the child component to communicate with the parent.

Example

In this example, a button in the child component triggers a function that is defined in the parent component.

App.js

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import React from 'react';

function Child({ onButtonClick }) {
  return (
    <button onClick={onButtonClick}>Click Me</button>
  );
}

function Parent() {
  const handleClick = () => {
    alert('Button clicked!');
  };

  return <Child onButtonClick={handleClick} />;
}

export default Parent;

Explanation:

  • The parent component defines a function handleClick.
  • This function is passed as a prop to the child component via the onButtonClick attribute using <Child onButtonClick={handleClick}. onButtonClick is assigned with the passed handleClick function.
  • When the button in the child component is clicked, it triggers the handleClick function in the parent component.

Output:

Conclusion

Props are a powerful way to make React components dynamic and reusable. They allow you to pass data and functions between components, enabling better component interaction and separation of concerns. Mastering props is essential for building scalable React applications.