A Condition Record in SAP is a data record that stores specific details for a condition type, including its associated values, scales, and any applicable condition supplements. It is the basis for applying prices, taxes, discounts, surcharges, and other conditions during transaction processing in modules like Sales and Distribution (SD), Material Management (MM), and Controlling (CO).
Condition records are created for specific combinations of criteria (e.g., customer, material, region) and define the rules by which a condition type is applied in pricing or costing scenarios.
Purpose of Condition Records
The Condition Record is used to:
- Store Condition Data: Maintain values like prices, discounts, surcharges, or tax rates for condition types.
- Automate Pricing and Costing: Apply predefined values during document processing without manual intervention.
- Support Flexible Scenarios: Handle complex scenarios like customer-specific pricing, region-based taxes, or volume-based discounts.
- Enable Scalability: Manage large volumes of condition data efficiently.
Structure of a Condition Record
A condition record consists of the following key components:
- Condition Type:
The type of condition being applied, such as price (PR00), tax (MWST), or discount (K004). - Key Combination:
The criteria for which the condition is valid, such as:- Customer/material
- Material/price list
- Plant/vendor
- Condition Value:
The actual value of the condition, such as:- Price per unit: $50
- Discount percentage: 10%
- Scales:
Quantity or value-based thresholds that determine how the condition value changes (e.g., higher discounts for larger quantities). - Condition Supplements (Optional):
Additional conditions that are applied alongside the main condition.
Example of a Condition Record
Scenario:
A company maintains a condition record for a base price and a quantity-based discount for a specific customer and material.
- Condition Type: PR00 (Base Price)
- Key Combination: Customer/Material
- Customer: 1001
- Material: A100
- Condition Value: $100 per unit
- Scales:
- Quantity ≤ 50: $100 per unit
- Quantity > 50: $90 per unit
Behavior:
When Customer 1001 orders Material A100:
- For 40 units: The price is $100 per unit.
- For 60 units: The price is $90 per unit.
Creating and Maintaining Condition Records
Condition records are created or updated based on business requirements.
Steps to Create a Condition Record:
- Transaction Code:
VK11(Create Condition Record)- Path:
SAP Easy Access → Logistics → Sales and Distribution → Master Data → Conditions → Create
- Path:
- Select Condition Type:
- Choose the condition type (e.g., PR00, MWST).
- Enter Key Combination:
- Specify the criteria for the condition record (e.g., customer, material).
- Enter Condition Value:
- Define the applicable value (e.g., price, discount percentage).
- Save the Condition Record.
Other Relevant Transactions:
- Change Condition Record:
VK12 - Display Condition Record:
VK13
Role of Condition Records in Pricing Procedures
Condition records are integral to pricing procedures in SAP. When a sales order or invoice is created, the system:
- Checks the pricing procedure for applicable condition types.
- Uses the access sequence to search for relevant condition records.
- Retrieves the condition record that matches the specified criteria.
- Applies the condition value during the pricing or costing calculation.
Common Uses of Condition Records
| Scenario | Condition Type | Condition Record Details |
|---|---|---|
| Base Price | PR00 | Price per unit for a material, specific to a customer or price list. |
| Customer Discount | K004 | Percentage discount for a specific customer or group of customers. |
| Tax Calculation | MWST | Tax rates based on country or region. |
| Freight Calculation | FRB1 | Freight charges based on weight, volume, or delivery zone. |
| Vendor Pricing | PB00 | Vendor-specific prices for purchasing materials. |
Benefits of Using Condition Records
- Automation of Pricing:
Eliminates the need for manual price entry during transaction processing. - Flexibility and Scalability:
Supports complex pricing scenarios and accommodates large volumes of condition data. - Standardization:
Ensures consistency in pricing, taxes, and discounts across sales and procurement processes. - Improved Accuracy:
Reduces errors by applying predefined condition values during calculations. - Integration Across Modules:
Works seamlessly with SD, MM, and FI, enabling consistent and reliable financial and operational processes.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What is a condition record in SAP?
A condition record is a data record that stores specific details for a condition type, such as prices, discounts, taxes, or surcharges, based on predefined criteria.
2. How is a condition record created?
Condition records are created using Transaction Code VK11 by selecting a condition type, entering the criteria (key combination), and defining the condition value.
3. What is the relationship between a condition type and a condition record?
- Condition Type: Defines the type of condition (e.g., price, tax).
- Condition Record: Stores the specific values and criteria for the condition type.
4. Can condition records handle quantity-based discounts?
Yes, condition records can include scales that apply different values based on quantities or thresholds.
5. How does SAP determine which condition record to apply?
SAP uses the access sequence assigned to the condition type to search for and retrieve the applicable condition record.
6. Can condition records be updated automatically?
Condition records are typically maintained manually but can be updated programmatically using batch jobs or interfaces.
7. Are condition records shared across clients?
No, condition records are client-specific and must be maintained separately for each client.
Conclusion
The Condition Record in SAP is a vital component of the pricing and costing framework, storing detailed data for condition types like prices, taxes, discounts, and surcharges. By automating the application of these conditions through predefined rules, condition records ensure accuracy, consistency, and efficiency in SAP’s transactional processes. Proper management of condition records is essential for supporting dynamic pricing strategies and meeting complex business requirements.